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Isomerized Kettle Extracts (PIKE)

Preparation:	pure resin extract undergoes controlled heating with alkali metal carbonate which isomerizes
Major Role:	provision of bittering and late hop character to beer
Method of Use:	addition to boiling wort in kettle at various stages

COMPOSITION As for pure resin extract except that over 90% of the alpha acids are isomerized. from supercritical CO2 extract: - lacking in essential oil components from liquid CO2 extract: - more pure than supercritical - containing essential oil amount and quality comparable with source leaf hop Oils can be left in or removed during isomerization and left out or added back following isomerization

ADVANTAGES - very easy to handle, ship, store and use - allows precise control of bitterness - has very high utilization of bitterness (55 - 60%) - retains aroma properties of source hops (ex-liquid CO2) - high purity and freedom from residues - no wort losses - allows benefit of liquid CO2 extract use with no higher cost of bitterness than from leaf hops DISADVANTAGES - specific varieties subject to minimum notice and quantities - may be considered "chemically processed"